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In the spirit of American self-reliance, Charles Varle penned a personal guidebook for 19th century Americans.

President Trump is awarding the nation's highest civilian honor to a lawmaker, who the White House claims "uncovered the greatest scandal in American history," even though that has no basis in fact.

A new government and prime minister will likely take control of Israel on Sunday. Netanyahu is calling this the "greatest election fraud" in the country's history.

Filmmaker KEN BURNS is the director of "The Civil War" and "Baseball," the hit documentaries on PBS. The former was the network's highest rated series. BURNS' newest project is the three-hour documentary, "Thomas Jefferson" about our third president, narrated by Ossie Davis. (It premieres on PBS in February). BURNS' other documentaries include "The Brooklyn Bridge," "The Statue of Liberty," and "Empire of the Air," about the early history of radio. Commentator GERALD EARLY considers the past and the future of Fisk University. 12:58:30 NEXT SHOW PROMO (:29) PROMO COPYOn today's Fresh air -- catering to the nutrition needs of people with AIDS. . . ROBERT LEHMANN ("LAY-man") developed diet and nutrition standards as chef for MANNA, a service organization that delivers meals to people with AIDS. Now he has a new cooking guide. Also -- documentary film maker KEN BURNS. His latest documentary premieres on PBS next month, a three hour portrait of Thomas Jefferson. That and more coming up on Fresh Air.

Rosa Lee Parks, the woman known as the "mother of the civil rights movement," turned the course of American history by refusing in 1955 to give up her seat on a bus for a white man.

Iran's Islamic Revolution in 1979 foreshadowed America's current battle against terrorism. NPR's Mike Shuster concludes his series on the long, turbulent history of Western involvement in the Middle East with a look at the U.S. clash with Islam.

In 1973, Littlefeather provided one of the most dramatic moments in Oscar history: Offering Brando's regrets for refusing the award because of Hollywood's treatment and portrayal of Native Americans.

In-N-Out Burger is a phenomenally successful West Coast chain that has stuck to burgers, fries and shakes. BusinessWeek reporter Stacy Perman has written a new history of In-N-Out. She says the chain has persisted with its original formula: Keep it simple; do one thing, and do it the best you can.

The Swedish Academy praised Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio for his adventurous novels, essays, non-fiction and children's literature. His work is often about wanderers, people on a quest for meaning and grappling with national histories.

Tom Gjelten's new book, Bacardi and the Long Fight For Cuba, threads the history of the family-owned Bacardi Rum Co. together with that of the nation in which it was founded.